Energy

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received considerable acclaim for their outstanding photovoltaic capabilities and cost-effectiveness. One of the major challenges, however, lies in the steep costs associated with charge transport materials. Traditional materials such as 2,2',7,7'-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) are expensive and difficult to manufacture. As a result, there is an urgent need to identify inexpensive yet efficient