Scientists have investigated various alternative health methods for preventing or slowing the progression of cognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. So far, there is no solid proof that any of these approaches can stop or delay cognitive decline.

What the Science Says

Below are several alternative health strategies that have been examined in recent studies.

• Fish Oil/Omega-3s. Research into dietary factors for brain health has consistently shown a link between higher fish consumption and better cognitive outcomes in older adults. However, taking omega-3 supplements hasn’t shown the same benefits for those who don’t already have dementia.

• Ginkgo. A study funded by NCCIH examined a specific ginkgo extract, EGb-761. Researchers found it had no effect on reducing the chances of developing dementia, including Alzheimer’s. Further review revealed that ginkgo also didn’t slow mental decline or improve blood pressure. This study followed over 3,000 participants aged 75 and older who took 240 mg daily, over a period of about six years.

• B-vitamins. Short-term research has indicated that B-vitamin supplements (including B12, B6, and folic acid) do not enhance brain function in individuals 50 years and older, regardless of dementia diagnosis.

• Curcumin. This compound, found in turmeric, shows promise in lab studies for impacting brain chemistry due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant features. However, few clinical trials have been conducted, and results so far do not support curcumin as effective for treating Alzheimer’s symptoms.

• Melatonin. This hormone, known for regulating sleep, is being evaluated for its ability to improve rest in dementia patients. One study, however, noted that melatonin might actually worsen mood in some individuals with dementia despite improving sleep in others.

• Support for Caregivers. A small study in 2010 showed that caregivers who took mindfulness meditation or educational classes experienced more relief from stress than those who simply received time off from caregiving duties.

Side Effects and Risks

• Don’t delay consulting a health professional if you’re experiencing memory problems. Other medical conditions, like depression or medication side effects, could be the cause and are often treatable.

• Natural doesn’t automatically mean safe. Just because a product comes from a plant or natural source doesn't mean it’s free of harmful effects.

• Supplements can interfere with medications. For example, St. John’s wort can make some drugs less effective. It's important to talk to your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

For More Information

NCCIH Clearinghouse

The NCCIH Clearinghouse offers trustworthy information about alternative and integrative health approaches. Resources include publications and access to government research databases. Please note that this service does not give medical advice or healthcare referrals.

Toll-free (U.S): 1-888-644-6226

Relay Service (TRS): 7-1-1

Email: [email protected]

Know the Science

Both NCCIH and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) provide educational resources to help you understand the fundamentals of scientific research. Their “Know the Science” initiative offers interactive tools, videos, and other content to aid in deciphering health studies and literature.

Topics include understanding how clinical studies work and how to interpret scientific journal articles.

PubMed®

Maintained by the National Library of Medicine, PubMed® lists articles from medical and scientific publications. Many entries include article summaries. NCCIH also offers guidance on how to use PubMed to find credible information on alternative health treatments.

Website: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

This material is publicly available and may be reproduced. NCCIH shares it for educational purposes and it should not take the place of professional medical advice. You should always consult a healthcare provider when making decisions about your health. Any mention of specific treatments or products does not imply an official endorsement by NCCIH.