Depression is a serious health condition that impacts nearly one in ten adults in the U.S. In addition, experts estimate that approximately 5% of American teenagers live with a moderate to severe form of major depression. This condition can influence mood, thoughts, physical well-being, and behavior. Its signs and intensity vary widely from person to person, and can include:

• Persistent feelings of sadness or worry

• Losing interest in hobbies or activities once enjoyed

• Increased irritability, frustration, or restlessness (this is especially common in teens)

• Trouble sleeping and constant fatigue

• Changes in eating habits, either eating more or less than normal

• Chronic pain that doesn't respond to treatment

• Difficulty focusing, recalling information, or making decisions

• Overwhelming feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness

• Thoughts of self-harm or suicide

Treatment for depression typically includes antidepressant medication and specific forms of talk therapy. Both approaches have been shown to be effective in helping people manage their symptoms.

Some individuals explore additional options, such as herbal supplements like St. John’s Wort or compounds like S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe). However, the benefits of St. John's Wort remain inconsistent, and it can interfere with the effectiveness of many prescription drugs. Research into SAMe’s usefulness is still inconclusive, and data on its long-term safety is lacking. It's important not to replace conventional treatment with alternative methods or delay seeing a healthcare provider.

For More Information

NCCIH Clearinghouse

The NCCIH Clearinghouse offers resources on complementary and integrative health practices, including specific publications and access to Federal scientific databases. It does not provide medical services, advice, or referrals.

Toll-free in the U.S.: 1-888-644-6226

Telecommunications relay service (TRS): 7-1-1

Know the Science

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NCCIH have created tools to help consumers assess health research. "Know the Science" features activities, interactive guides, and educational videos to help people understand how scientific studies work and evaluate their results.

Resources available include guides to understanding research studies, how to interpret studies published in medical journals, and explanations of clinical trials.

PubMed®

Managed by the National Library of Medicine, PubMed® provides access to summaries and publication details from a wide range of scientific and medical journals. For tips on how to explore complementary health topics using PubMed, guidance is available from NCCIH.

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

The NIMH is committed to advancing knowledge and treatment of mental health conditions. Its research supports efforts in prevention, recovery, and innovation in care.

Resources include information about depression, mental health medications, and general depression facts.

Toll-free in the U.S.: 1-866-615-6464

This material is in the public domain and reproduction is welcomed.

The content above is provided for informational purposes by NCCIH and is not meant to replace professional medical guidance. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for advice about your condition or treatment choices. The inclusion of any products or therapies is not an endorsement by NCCIH.